Techniques photometric Dark matter Gravitational waves Spectral X-rays galaxies clusters Stars protostars HII regions Methods numerical Stars rotation Gamma rays galaxies ISM general Galaxies formation Galaxies photometry Cosmological model Galaxies ISM Binaries general Gamma rays general Accretion discs X-rays binaries Methods observational Submillimeter ISM Cosmology observations Galaxy Pulsar Galaxies evolution Radiation mechanisms non-thermal Dark energy GLAST Instabilities Stars evolution Magnetohydrodynamics MHD Submillimeter galaxies Cosmology Stars formation X-rays general Gravitation ISM jets and outflows Radio continuum galaxies Infrared stars Galaxy Astrophysics Cosmic background radiation Surveys Polarization Methods statistical Galaxies clusters intracluster medium ISM molecules Supernova Cosmology theory Gamma ray Galaxies star formation Galaxies starburst Pulsars general Gamma ray burst ISM supernova remnants Dust Waves Gamma-ray burst general Catalogs Stars neutron Accretion disks Turbulence ISM kinematics and dynamics ISM clouds Acceleration of particles Stars interiors Structure Large-scale structure of Universe Infrared galaxies Extinction Galaxies active Observatory Galaxies high-redshift Galaxies clusters general Protoplanetary disks Stars oscillations Galaxies structure Sensitivity ISM structure Cosmic rays Shock waves Galaxies jets Cosmological parameters Stars massive Asteroseismology Supernovae general Accretion Astrophysics Infrared ISM Radiative transfer Gamma ray emission Hydrodynamics Techniques image processing Cherenkov Telescope Array Black hole physics Galaxies interactions Galaxies dwarf Magellanic Clouds Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies Methods data analysis Gravitational lensing weak