Observed and projected climate changes, such as temperature increase, sea-level rise and increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, are posing challenges to critical infrastructure operations, especially in the transportation sector, which is a pillar of economy and society. Like the other critical infrastructure sectors, the transportation sector comprises complex systems with responsibilities distributed across many stakeholders. The challenges to implementing integrated climate change adaptation approaches in the transportation sector require appropriate governance and coordinated action.Adaptation to climate change demands resilient and sustainable infrastructures. However, despite the importance of the transportation sector and the huge challenges posed by climate change, adaptation to climate change as a means to reduce risk in the sector is relatively low. Adaptation actions require climate vulnerability analyses and impact knowledge that would help ensure that adaptation options are properly identified, evaluated and monitored. This research attempts to identify and analyze global adaptation initiatives in order to classify adaptation options while also focusing on emerging adaptation challenges and opportunities in the transportation sector. This research should assist the various stakeholders in improving the effectiveness and future sustainability of transportation while stimulating actions for adapting to climate change.